众所周知，外国人来华工作办理工作许可证需要提供国籍国或长期居住地（满一年）的无犯罪证明，以及办理永久居留也需要提供国籍国的无犯罪证明。今天，大鹤就给大家介绍一下美国的几种无犯罪类型。

As we all know, foreigners need to provide a non-criminal certificate of the country of nationality or long-term residence place(at least one year) to apply for a work permit in China, as well as apply for permanent residence. Now, Dahe will introduce the types of no-criminal certificates in the US.

在美国，无犯罪证明通常可以分为以下几种类型：

In the US, a non-criminal certificate can generally be divided into the following types:

本州无犯罪记录（State Criminal Record Check）

这是最常见的无犯罪证明，用于确认一个人在某个特定州内是否有犯罪记录。该证明通常由当地执法机构（如州警察局）提供，通过查询该州的刑事记录数据库来确定是否有犯罪记录。

This is the most common non-criminal certificate and is used to confirm whether a person has a criminal record within a particular state. This certificate is usually provided by a local law enforcement agency, such as a state police, by querying the state's criminal records database to determine if there is a criminal record.

联邦无犯罪记录（FBI Criminal Record Check）

这种无犯罪证明用于确认一个人在联邦层面上是否有犯罪记录。联邦无犯罪记录检查由联邦调查局（FBI）进行，涵盖了联邦犯罪数据库中的犯罪记录。通常用于特定工作、签证申请或安全审查等需要更全面背景检查的情况。

This non-criminal certificate is used to confirm whether a person has a criminal record at the federal level. The Federal No Criminal Record check is conducted by the Federal Bureau of Investigation (FBI) and covers criminal records in the federal criminal database. It is often used when a more thorough background check is required for a specific job, visa application, or security clearance.

本地警局无犯罪记录（Local Police Record Check）

有时，特定机构或雇主可能要求申请人提供所居住地附近的警局出具的无犯罪记录证明。这种证明通常仅涵盖所居住地所在的地方警局的记录，而不涵盖其他州或联邦的犯罪记录。

Sometimes, a particular agency or employer may require applicants to provide a clean criminal record certificate from a police station near where they live. This certification usually covers only the local police department records of the place of residence, not other state or federal criminal records.

需要注意的是，不同的情况和目的可能需要不同类型的无犯罪证明。具体要求和程序可能因州和机构而异。因此，在申请无犯罪证明之前，最好与相关机构进行咨询，以确保申请的无犯罪符合需求。已深圳为例，以上三种无犯罪记录都可用于申请外国人来华工作许可，但是申请永久居留必须提供联邦调查局的无犯罪记录。

It is important to note that different circumstances and purposes may require different types of proof of no criminal certificate. Specific requirements and procedures may vary by state and agency. Therefore, before applying for a certificate of no criminal, it is best to consult with the relevant agency to ensure that the application for no crime meets the needs. Taking Shenzhen as an example, the above three types of non-criminal record can be used to apply for a foreigner's work permit in China, but the application for permanent residence must provide a non-criminal record from the FBI.

此外，无犯罪证明通常只证明截至查询日期的犯罪记录情况。在一些特定的申请过程中，可能需要进行定期的无犯罪记录更新。如申请外国人来华工作许可及永久居留，无犯罪记录自开具之日起6个月有效。

In addition, the certificate of no criminal usually only proves the status of the criminal record as of the date of inquiry. Periodic record updates may be required for some specific application processes. If you apply for a foreigner's work permit and permanent residence in China, no criminal record is valid for 6 months from the date of issuance.