01PART基本概念

　　签证是一国政府授权机关依照本国法律法规，为申请入、出或过境本国的外国人颁发的一种许可证明。根据国际法及国际惯例，任何一个主权国家，有权自主决定是否允许外国人入出其国（边）境，依照本国法律发给签证、拒发签证或吊销已经签发的签证。中国签证机关根据法律和相关规定，决定颁发签证的种类、次数、有效期和停留期，有权拒绝当事人的签证申请或吊销已经签发的签证。

I. basic concepts

A visa is a license issued by an authorized authority of the government of a country in accordance with its laws and regulations for foreigners applying for entry into, exit from or transit through the country.

According to international law and practice, any sovereign state has the right to decide whether to allow foreigners in or out of its own country.

02PART签发机关

中华人民共和国驻外使馆、领馆或者外交部委托的其它驻外机构负责在境外签发外国人入境签证。

符合《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》第二十条有关规定情形的外国人，可以在国务院批准办理口岸签证业务的口岸，向公安部委托的口岸签证机关申请办理口岸签证。

II. Issuing authority

The embassies, consulates or other institutions stationed abroad entrusted by the ministry of foreign affairs of the People's Republic of China shall be responsible for the issuance of visas for entry of aliens.

Aliens in compliance with the relevant provisions of article 20 of the exit and entry administration law of the People's Republic of China may apply for port visas at the ports approved by the state council for handling port visas and to the port visa authorities entrusted by the ministry of public security.

03PART签证种类

Ⅲ. Type of visa

签证种类

申请人范围   Scope of applicants

C：执行乘务、航空、航运任务的国际列车乘务员、国际航空器机组人员、国际航行船舶的船员及船员随行家属和从事国际道路运输的汽车驾驶员

International train attendants, crew members of international aircraft, crew members of ships on international voyages and their accompanying family members and drivers engaged in international road transport

D：赴中国永久居留的人员

For permanent residence in China

F：赴中国从事交流、访问、考察等活动的人员

Personnel who go to China for communication, visit, inspection and other activities

G：经中国过境的人员

Persons in transit through China

J1：常驻（居留超过180日）中国新闻机构的外国常驻记者

Resident foreign correspondent (resident for more than 180 days) of a Chinese news agency 

J2：赴中国进行短期（停留不超过180日）采访报道的外国记者

Foreign journalists who travel to China for a short period of time (a stay of no more than 180 days) for reporting

L：赴中国旅游人员

Tourists to China

M：赴中国进行商业贸易活动的人员

People who go to China for business and trade activities

Q1：因家庭团聚申请赴中国居留的中国公民的家庭成员（配偶、父母、子女、子女的配偶、兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母、孙子女、外孙子女以及配偶的父母）和具有中国永久居留资格的外国人的家庭成员（配偶、父母、子女、子女的配偶、兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母、孙子女、外孙子女以及配偶的父母），以及因寄养等原因申请入境居留的人员

For family reunion for Chinese citizens residing in China family members (spouse, parents, children, their children's spouses, brothers and sisters, paternal grandparents, maternal grandparents and grandchildren or maternal grandchildren and spouse's parents) and foreigners with Chinese permanent residence status of family members (spouse, parents, children, their children's spouses, brothers and sisters, paternal grandparents, maternal grandparents and grandchildren or maternal grandchildren and spouse's parents), and apply for the residence due to foster of personnel.

Q2：赴中国短期（不超过180日）探亲的居住在中国境内的中国公民的亲属和具有中国永久居留资格的外国人的亲属

Relatives of Chinese citizens residing in China who visit their relatives in China for a short period of time (not exceeding 180 days) and relatives of foreigners with permanent residence status in China.

R：中国需要的外国高层次人才和急需紧缺专门人才

High-level foreign talents and urgently needed specialized talents

S1：赴中国长期（超过180日）探亲的因工作、学习等事由在中国境内居留的外国人的配偶、父母、未满18周岁的子女、配偶的父母，以及因其他私人事务需要在中国境内居留的人员

Spouses, parents, children under the age of 18, parents of spouses of foreigners who have stayed in China for work, study or other purposes for a long-term visit (more than 180 days), and persons who need to stay in China for other personal affairs.

S2：赴中国短期（不超过180日）探亲的因工作、学习等事由在中国境内停留居留的外国人的家庭成员（配偶、父母、子女、子女的配偶、兄弟姐妹、祖父母、外祖父母、孙子女、外孙子女以及配偶的父母）以及因其他私人事务需要在中国境内停留的人员

For short-term (less than 180 days) to visit China for work, study and so on reason for aliens residing within the territory of China family members (spouse, parents, children, their children's spouses, brothers and sisters, paternal grandparents, maternal grandparents and grandchildren or maternal grandchildren and spouse's parents) and for other private affairs need to stay within the territory of China.

X1：在中国境内长期（超过180日）学习的人员

Long term (over 180 days) study in China

X2：在中国境内短期（不超过180日）学习的人员

Short-term (not exceeding 180 days) study in China.

Z：在中国境内工作的人员

For people to work in China

04PART有效期

签证的入境有效期（“enter before”），是指持证人所持签证入境的有效时间范围。非经签发机关注明，签证自签发之日起生效，于有效期满当日北京时间24时失效。如仍有未使用的入境次数，在有效期满前（含当日），持证人均可入境。

Ⅳ.Validity period

The entry validity of the visa (" enter before ") is the period of time within which the visa is valid for entry held by the holder. Unless otherwise specified by the issuing authority, the visa shall come into force on the date of issue and shall expire at 24:00 Beijing time on the date of expiry. If there are still unused entries, the holder may enter the territory before the expiry of the validity period (including the date of expiry).

05PART入境次数

签证的入境次数（“entries”），系指持证人在签证入境有效期内可以入境的次数。入境次数用完或入境次数未用完、但已过有效期的签证，均为失效签证。如需前往中国，须重新申请签证。如持证人持失效签证来华，将被拒绝入境。

Ⅴ. Entries

Entries on a visa (" entries ") means the number of entries that the holder is permitted to enter during the validity of the visa. Visas that have expired but have been used up or not used up but have expired are invalid visas. If you want to visit China, you need to apply for a new visa. If the holder comes to China with invalid visa, he will be refused entry.

06PART停留期

　　签证的停留期（“duration of each stay”），系指持证人每次入境被准许停留的时限，自入境次日开始计算。

Ⅵ.Duration

Duration of each stay on a visa (" duration of each stay ") means the duration of each entry for which the holder is allowed to stay, counting from the day following entry.

07PART居留手续

　　外国人持D字、J1字、Q1字、S1字、X1字签证入境后，应当自入境之日起30日内向拟居留的县及以上公安机关出入境管理机构办理居留证件。

Ⅶ. Residence permit

Aliens who enter China with D, J1, Q1, S1 or X1 visas shall, within 30 days from the date of entry, apply for residence permit with the exit and entry administrations of the public security bureau at or above the county level where they intend to reside.

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