随着时代的发展，我国对外交往活动也不断深入，越来越多的外国人选择来华工作或者创业。外国人在华就业人数的激增，同时也不可避免地产生用人单位非法用工、外国人非法就业等情形。那么，用人单位在聘用外国人时有哪些事项需要注意，又有哪些法律风险需要防范，用人单位违法聘用外国人应该承担哪些法律责任，本文结合《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》、《中华人民共和国外国人入境出境管理条例》、《外国人在中国就业管理规定》等涉及外国人聘用的法律法规予以解答。

More and more foreigners choose to work or start businesses in China with the development of the times. With the rapid growth of foreigners' employment in China, it is inevitable that there will be illegal employment by employers and foreigners. Then, what matters should employers pay attention to when employing foreigners, what legal risks should employers take precautions against, and what legal responsibilities should employers bear when employing foreigners illegally. This paper combines with the “Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China”, “Regulations of the people's Republic of China on the Administration of Exit and Entry”, and "Rules for the Administration of Employment of Foreigners in China" and other laws and regulations concerning employment of foreigners will be answered.

1.用人单位的主体资格

The main qualifications of the employer

聘用外国人的用人单位必须是依法设立的企业法人、社团法人、民办非企业单位等，中国境内的个体经济组织和公民个人不得聘用外国人。

Employers must be legally established corporate legal persons, association legal persons, private non-enterprise units, etc. Individual economic organizations and individual citizens within China are not allowed to hire foreigners.

法律依据：《外国人在中国就业管理规定》第三十四条：禁止个体经济组织和公民个人聘用外国人。Legal basis: “Rules for the Administration of Employment of Foreigners in China” Article 34 Individual economic organizations and private citizens are prohibited from employing foreigners.    

2.外国人在中国境内就业必须满足法定条件

Foreigners must meet legal requirements for employment in China.

就业的岗位必须属于有特殊需求、国内暂缺适当人员的岗位，同时必须满足年满18周岁、身体健康、具有从事相关岗位必须的专业技能和工作经历、无犯罪记录、持有有效护照或其他国际旅行证件等要求。

The position for employment must be special needs and temporary shortage of suitable people in the country. At the same time, it must be at least 18 years old, healthy, have the professional skills and work experience necessary for the relevant position, have no criminal record, hold a valid passport or other International travel documents and other requirements.

法律依据：《外国人在中国就业管理规定》第六条：用人单位聘用外国人从事的岗位应是有特殊需要，国内暂缺适当人选，且不违反国家有关规定的岗位。用人单位不得聘用外国人从事营业性文艺演出，但符合本规定第九条第三项规定的人员除外。

Legal basis: “Rules for the Administration of Employment of Foreigners in China” Article 6 The post to be filled by the foreigner recruited by the employer shall be the post of special need, a post that cannot be filled by any domestics candidates for the time being but violates no government regulations. No employer shall employ foreigners to engage in commercialized entertaining performance, except for the persons qualified under Article 9(3) of these Rules.

《外国人在中国就业管理规定》第七条：外国人在中国就业须具备下列条件：(一)年满18周岁，身体健康；(二)具有从事其工作所必须的专业技能和相应的工作经历；(三)无犯罪记录；(四)有确定的聘用单位；(五)持有有效护照或能代替护照的其他国际旅行证件(以下简称代替护照的证件)。

Legal basis: “Rules for the Administration of Employment of Foreigners in China” Article 7 Any foreigners seeking employment in China shall meet the following conditions (1) 18 years of age or older and in good health; (2) with professional skills and job experience required for the work of intended employment; (3) with no criminal record; (4) a clearly-defined employer; (5) with valid passport other international travel documents in lieu of the passport (hereinafter referred to as the “travel document”).

3.外国人在中国就业必须两证齐全

Foreigners must have two complete certificates for employment in China.

外国人应当按照规定取得工作许可证和工作类居留证件后才可以合法地在中国境内工作。

Foreigners should obtain work permit and work-type residence permit in accordance with the requirements before they can legally work in China.

法律依据：《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》第四十一条规定：外国人在中国境内工作，应当按照规定取得工作许可和工作类居留证件。任何单位和个人不得聘用未取得工作许可和工作类居留证件的外国人。

Legal basis: “Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China” Article 41 Foreigners who work in China shall obtain work permits and work-type residence permits in accordance with relevant regulations. No entities or individuals shall employ foreigners who have no work permits or work-type residence permits.

4.用人单位须提供符合法律规定的工作条件、福利待遇、缴交社会保险等

The employer shall provide working conditions, welfare benefits and social insurance in accordance with the law.

用人单位必须依法与所聘任外国人签订《劳动合同》，但最长期限不超过5年，合同期满后须履行审批手续后方可续签。用人单位支付所聘用外国人的工资不得低于当地最低工资标准。外国人在中国就业的工作时间、休息休假、劳动安全卫生以及社会保险按国家有关规定执行。

The employer must sign the labor contract with foreigners according to law, but the maximum period shall not exceed 5 years. The contract can be renewed only after the contract expires. The wage paid to the foreigners shall not be lower than the local minimum wage standard. The working hours, rest and vacation, labor safety and health and social insurance for foreigners employed in China shall be implemented in accordance with the relevant provisions of the state.

法律依据：《外国人在中国就业管理规定》第十八条：用人单位与被聘用的外国人应依法订立劳动合同。劳动合同的期限最长不得超过五年。劳动合同期限届满即行终止，但按本规定第十九条的规定履行审批手续后可以续订。

Legal basis: “Rules for the Administration of Employment of Foreigners in China” Article 18 The employer and its foreign employee should, in accordance with law, conclude a labor contract, the term of which shall not exceed five years such contract may be renewed upon expiration after the completion of clearance process in accordance with.  

《外国人在中国就业管理规定》第二十二条：用人单位支付所聘用外国人的工资不得低于当地最低工资标准。

Legal basis: “Rules for the Administration of Employment of Foreigners in China” Article 22 The wage paid to the foreign employee by the employer shall not be lower than the minimum wage in the locality.

《外国人在中国就业管理规定》第二十三条：在中国就业的外国人的工作时间、休息、休假劳动安全卫生以及社会保险按国家有关规定执行。

Legal basis: “Rules for the Administration of Employment of Foreigners in China” Article 23 The working hours, rest and vacation, work safety and hygiene as well as the social security of the foreign employees in China shall follow the relevant provisions of the state.  

5.外国人居留证件登记事项发生变更需及时向相关部门申请办理变更

If there is any change in the registration items of the foreigner’s residence permit,  it needs to apply to the relevant department for the change.

护照号码、工作单位、居留事由等发生变更后，十日内需办理变更手续。

After the passport number, work unit, purpose of residence, etc. are changed, the change procedures must be completed within ten days.

法律依据：《中华人民共和国出入境管理法》第三十三条 外国人居留证件的登记项目包括：持有人姓名、性别、出生日期、居留事由、居留期限，签发日期、地点，护照或者其他国际旅行证件号码等。外国人居留证件登记事项发生变更的，持证件人应当自登记事项发生变更之日起十日内向居留地县级以上地方人民政府公安机关出入境管理机构申请办理变更。

Legal basis: “Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China” Article 33 The registered items of a foreign residence permit shall include name, sex, date of birth, reason for residence and duration of residence of the holder, date and place of issuance, passport number or other international travel documents number. Where the registered item in a foreigner’s residence permit has changed, the holder shall, within 10 days from the date of change, apply to the exit/entry administration of public security organ under the local people’s government at or above the county level in the place of residence for going through the formalities for alteration.  

6.非法就业行为Ilegal employment

法律依据：《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》第四十三条：（一）未按照规定取得工作许可和工作类居留证件在中国境内工作的；（二）超出工作许可限定范围在中国境内工作的；（三）外国留学生违反勤工助学管理规定，超出规定的岗位范围或者时限在中国境内工作的。

Legal basis: “Exit and Entry Administration Law of the People’s Republic of China” Article 43 Any of the following acts of foreigners shall be deemed unlawful employment: (1) Work in China without obtaining work permits or work-type residence permits inaccordance with relevant regulations; (2) Work in China beyond the scopeprescribed in the work permits; or (3) Foreign students work in violation ofthe regulations on the administration of foreign students working to support their study in China and work beyond the prescribed scope of jobs or prescribed time limit.

7.用人单位非法聘用外国人的法律后果

Legal consequences of illegal employment of foreigners by employers

如果用人单位构成了非法聘用外国人的行为，将面临最高10万元的罚款等处罚措施。外国人非法就业的，可能面临罚款、拘留甚至遣送出境的法律后果。

For illegal employment, the employer will face a fine of up to RMB100,000 yuan and foreigner may face the legal consequences of fines, detention and even deportation.

法律依据：《中华人民共和国出境入境管理法》第八十条：外国人非法就业的，处五千元以上二万元以下罚款；情节严重的，处五日以上十五日以下拘留，并处五千元以上二万元以下罚款。介绍外国人非法就业的，对个人处每非法介绍一人五千元，总额不超过五万元的罚款；对单位处每非法介绍一人五千元，总额不超过十万元的罚款；有违法所得的，没收违法所得。非法聘用外国人的，处每非法聘用一人一万元，总额不超过十万元的罚款；有违法所得的，没收违法所得。

Legal basis: “Exit and EntryAdministration Law of the People’s Republic of China” Article 80 Foreigners who work in China illegally shall be fined not less than RMB 5,000 but not more than RMB 20,000 yuan; where circumstances are serious, they shall be detained for not less than five days but not more than fifteen days and shall also befined not less than RMB 5,000 yuan but not more than RMB 20,000 yuan. Persons who introduce jobs to ineligible foreigners shall be fined RMB 5,000 yuan for each job illegally introduced to one foreigner, with a cap of not more than RMB50,000 yuan in total; and entities that introduce jobs to ineligible foreigners shall be fined RMB 5,000 yuan for each job illegally introduced to one foreigner,with a cap of RMB 100,000 yuan in total; and the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated. Individuals or entities that illegally employ foreigners shall be fined RMB 10,000 yuan for each illegally employed foreigner, with a cap of RMB 100,000 yuan in total; and the illegal gains, if any, shall be confiscated.

大鹤在此提醒用人单位应当格外注意对外籍员工的日常管理，以确保雇佣外国人的相关文件齐全、有效。聘用外国人时应当做到合法合规，切勿抱着侥幸心理。建议咨询专业人士，以免遭受不必要的影响与损失。如有需要，欢迎随时联系。

Dahe reminds employers that they should also pay special attention to the daily management of foreign employees to ensure that the relevant documents for hiring foreigners are complete and effective. When hiring foreigners, they should comply with laws and regulations and should not take chances. It is recommended to consult professionals to avoid unnecessary influence and loss. Welcome to contact us at any times.

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